Planets - Data Table
Dwarf Planets are listed in a separate table below.
| |
Mercury | Venus | Earth | Mars | Jupiter | Saturn | Uranus | Neptune |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| diameter |
0.382 | 0.949 | 1 | 0.532 | 11.209 | 9.44 | 4.007 | 3.883 |
| diameter |
4,878 | 12,104 | 12,756 | 6,787 | 142,800 | 120,000 | 51,118 | 49,528 |
| mass |
0.055 | 0.815 | 1 | 0.107 | 318 | 95 | 15 | 17 |
| mean distance from Sun |
0.39 | 0.72 | 1 | 1.52 | 5.20 | 9.54 | 19.18 | 30.06 |
| orbital period (Earth years) | 0.24 | 0.62 | 1 | 1.88 | 11.86 | 29.46 | 84.01 | 164.8 |
| orbital eccentricity | 0.2056 | 0.0068 | 0.0167 | 0.0934 | 0.0483 | 0.0560 | 0.0461 | 0.0097 |
| mean orbital velocity |
47.89 | 35.03 | 29.79 | 24.13 | 13.06 | 9.64 | 6.81 | 5.43 |
| rotation period (in Earth days) | 58.65 | -243* | 1 | 1.03 | 0.41 | 0.44 | -0.72* | 0.72 |
| inclination of axis (degrees) | 0.0 | 177.4 | 23.45 | 23.98 | 3.08 | 26.73 | 97.92 | 28.8 |
| mean temperature at surface |
-180 to 430 | 465 | -89 to 58 | -82 to 0 | -150 | -170 | -200 | -210 |
| gravity at equator |
0.38 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.38 | 2.64 | 0.93 | 0.89 | 1.12 |
| escape velocity |
4.25 | 10.36 | 11.18 | 5.02 | 59.54 | 35.49 | 21.29 | 23.71 |
| mean density |
5.43 | 5.25 | 5.52 | 3.93 | 1.33 | 0.71 | 1.24 | 1.67 |
| atmospheric composition | none | CO2 | N2 + O2 | CO2 | H2+He | H2+He | H2+He | H2+He |
| number of moons | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 63 | 60 | 27 | 13 |
| rings? | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Dwarf Planets
| |
Ceres | Pluto | Haumea | Makemake | Eris |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| diameter |
0.076 | 0.180 | 0.110 (average) |
0.102-0.149 | 0.188-0.235 |
| diameter |
974.6 | 2,300 | 1,960 x 1,518 x 996 (ellipsoid) |
1,300-1,900 | 2,400-3,000 |
| mass |
0.00016 | 0.002 | 0.00070 | 0.00067 | 0.0028 |
| mean distance from Sun |
2.76596 | 39.44 | 43.335 | 45.791 | 67.6681 |
| orbital period (Earth years) | 4.599 | 247.7 | 285.4 | 309.88 | 557 |
| orbital eccentricity | 0.07976 | 0.2482 | 0.18874 | 0.159 | 0.44177 |
| mean orbital velocity |
17.882 | 4.74 | 4.484 | 4.419 | 3.436 |
| rotation period (in Earth days) | 0.378 | -6.38* | 0.163 | ? | > 8 hrs ? |
| inclination of axis |
3 | 122 | ? | ? | ? |
| mean temperature at surface |
-106 | -220 | -223 | -240 | -230 |
| gravity at equator |
0.028 | 0.06 | 0.045 | 0.051 | 0.082 |
| escape velocity |
0.51 | 1.27 | 0.84 | 0.8 | 1.31 |
| mean density |
2.077 | 2.03 | 2.6-3.3 | 2 | 1.18-2.31 |
| atmospheric composition | none | CH4 | none? | maybe CH4 | maybe CH4 |
| number of moons | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| rings? | no | no | no | no | no |
* Negative values of rotation period indicate that the planet rotates in the direction opposite to that in which it orbits the Sun. This is called retrograde rotation.
The eccentricity (e) is a number which measures how elliptical orbits are. If e=0, the orbit is a circle. All the planets have eccentricities close to 0, so they must have orbits which are nearly circular.
